Barbary+War

1st Barbary War (Tripolitan War)

 * Background overview:**
 * Barbary war was one of the few war that US participated after establishing as a country. The first Barbary War began in 1801-1805 against the 4 sovereign states from the North African Berber Muslim that was known as the Barbary Coast. The 4 sovereign states were Morocco, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli.
 * Before the war, America gave tribute to the Barbary States in order to reduce the assault on American vessels by the pirates and return of American hostages from impress. America bought treaties, at first, from Morocco and then from all 4 states. The tributes to all 4 states were unmeasurable as demand reached to ridiculously amount. Sometimes, the tribute can reach up to $1 million which was about 1/6 of federal revenue. Payments in ransom and tribute to the states accumulated to 20% of country revenue in 1800.
 * Causes:**
 * the rise of sea power in the beginning of 1796
 * Prior to Jefferson inauguration in 1801, Congress passed an act that gave power to the president and created six frigates that was ordered to destroy pirate vessels and protect American vessels from pirates.
 * Yusuf Karamanli, the Pasha (or Bashaw) of Tripoli demanded $225,000 from the new administration. Jefferson refused!!!! and Tripoli declared war without proper procedure. Instead in the customary of Barbary manner, they cut down American flag in front of U.S. consulate in May 1801.
 * Key Aspects:**
 * In response to it, Jefferson sent small fleet to protect aggression from pirates and insisted that he "was unauthorized by the Constitution" and ordered to not go beyond the line of defense.


 * On August 1, 1801, USS Enterprise succeeded in defeating the 14 gun Tripolitan corsair Tripoli [[image:file:///C:/Users/thein/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot.png]][[image:file:///C:/Users/thein/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.png]][[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/EnterpriseTripoli.jpg/800px-EnterpriseTripoli.jpg width="527" height="301" caption="Entreprise capturing Tripoli"]]
 * The famous even of the war occurred on April and May of 1805 in the Battle of Derma. General William Eaton and First Lieutenant Presley O'Banno led a force of eight Marines and 500 mercenaries from Alexandria, Egypt across the desert to the city of Derna and for the first time raised American flag on foreign soil.
 * On June 10, 1815, a treaty was signed by a new leader of Tripoli, Yussif Karamanli, and United States.
 * Consequences:**
 * The treaty ended the war, however, $60,000 was paid to Tripoli as ransom in order to free all American slaves. U.S. could of have used Derna as bargaining chips to free American sailors, but ended up paying ransom/tribute which angered some people especially Eaton whose effort on capturing Derna ended up in vain.
 * The victory of First Barbary War affected American militant reputation that American could perform a war outside of home.
 * American navy and marines became part of government.
 * Fought the war cohesively instead of separate sovereignty from American states.

"**First Barbary War (1801-1805)**," //American History Central//, 2011, American History Central. 30 Apr 2011 
 * Sources:**
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Barbary_War**
 * http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/EnterpriseTripoli.jpg/220px-EnterpriseTripoli.jpg**
 * http://image.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encyclopediaimages/s/sm/sm_bombardment_of_algiers,_august_1816-luny.jpg**